XinhuaHeadlines:AdeepdiveintoXiJinping'sstewardshipofwhole-processpeople'sdemocracy_GuangmingOnlineXinhuaHeadlines:AdeepdiveintoXiJinping'sstewardshipofwhole-processpeople'sdemocracyChinesePresidentXiJinping,alsogeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralCommitteeandchairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommission,joinsdeliberationwithdeputiesfromcentralChina'sHenanProvinceatthesecondsessionofthe13thNationalPeople'sCongressinBeijing,capitalofChina,March8,2019.(Xinhua/XieHuanchi)BEIJING,March3(Xinhua)--TheupcomingannualsessionsofChina'snationallegislatureandpoliticaladvisorybodyprovideaprimeopportunityforobserverstogainauniquevantagepointtowitnessthecountry'sdemocracyinaction.Fromgroupdeliberationstodiscussionswithlawmakersandpoliticaladvisors,PresidentXiJinpingwillbeactiveinChina'sdemocraticpolicyformulationanddecision-making.Xi,actinginhiscapacityasoneofthenearly3,000deputieselectedtotheNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC),willjoinhisfellowdeputiestoreviewandvoteontheperformanceofthecentralgovernment,thenationallegislature,thetopcourtandthetopprocuratorateoverthepastyear.Hewillalsocasthisvoteonanynewlawandmajorrevisionsubmittedtothesessionfordeliberation.Throughouthiscareer,theChineseleaderhaschampionedpeople'sdemocracy."DemocracyisavaluesharedbyallhumanityandanidealthattheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andtheChinesepeoplehavealwaysupheld,"saidXi,alsogeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee.AsthetopleaderofboththePartyandthestate,hehasspearheadedeffortstopursuewhole-processpeople'sdemocracy,akeyconceptputforwardbyXihimselftoadvanceChina'spoliticallandscapeafterseeingtheshortfallsofWesterndemocracy.Underhisguidance,Chinahasmadeall-aroundprogressinimprovingtheinstitutions,standards,andproceduresofsocialistdemocracy,andadvancedsocialistconsultativedemocracybywayofextensiveparticipation.HehasstronglyadvocatedforunitybetweenleadershipbytheParty,therunningofthecountrybythepeople,andlaw-basedgovernancetoensurethatstategovernanceescapesthehistoricalcycleofriseandfall.ZhangWeiwei,directoroftheChinaInstituteofFudanUniversity,highlightedthatChinesedemocracydivergesfromtheWesternmodelthatiscenteredaroundmulti-partyrotationanduniversalsuffrageforleaders.Chinesedemocracy,Zhangsaid,emphasizesextensivepublicparticipation,policyconsultations,andthepursuitofgoodgovernance.PEOPLEASMASTERSHalfamonthbeforethisyear's"twosessions,"theParty'sflagshipmagazineQiuShipublishedanarticlebyXiondemocracy,expoundingonthepeople'scongresssystem."Thesystemisanimportantinstitutionalvehicleforrealizingwhole-processpeople'sdemocracy,"Xiwrote,drawingattentiontoitsessence--thatallpowerofthestatebelongstothepeopleandthepeople'spositionasmastersofthecountryshouldbeprotectedtothegreatestextent.Afterre-electedChinesepresidentandchairmanofthecountry'sCentralMilitaryCommissionattheannualsessionofthenationallegislatureinMarch2023,Xiemphasizedtheimperativeofadoptingapeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy.Heunderscoredtheneedforensuringequitabledistributionofthegainsofmodernizationandpledgedtodrivenotableandsubstantiveadvancementsinfosteringprosperityforall.ObserverssayakeyfeatureofChina'swhole-processpeople'sdemocracyistoensureitworksforthevastmajorityofthepeopleinsteadofservingtheinterestsofcapitalortheeliteclass.ThiscanbeseenthroughXi'sactiveinteractionswithgrassrootspeopleduringtheannual"twosessions"informingpolicies.Overthepast11years,hehasparticipatedin56deliberationsanddiscussionsessionsduringtheannualsessions,directlyinteractingwithover400lawmakersandpoliticaladvisors.Atoneeventin2019,nationallawmakerLiLiancheng,whowasavillagePartychief,articulatedthe"eightdreams"ofChinesefarmerstoXi,emphasizingprioritiessuchaslocaleducationforchildren,healthcareaccess,andlocalemploymentopportunities.Xi,intimatelyfamiliarwithruralaffairsfromhistimeinthecountrysideasan"educatedyouth"halfacenturyago,acknowledgedthesignificanceofLi'smessage,sayingitresonatedwiththeaspirationsofruralresidentsnationwide.Hereaffirmedthegovernment'scommitmenttoservingthepeopleandpledgedtoadvancestepbysteptowardrealizingthedreamsofabetterlifeforall.Liadvocatedforamoretargetedapproachtotechnologicalassistance,emphasizingtheimportanceofaligningitwiththerealneedsofvillagers.Followingthemeeting,governmentministriesconductedfieldresearchandtooktailoredmeasuresinXixinzhuangVillage,Li'shometown,toenhanceagriculturaltechnologyextensionservices.Duringhisparticipationindiscussionswithpoliticaladvisorsin2022,XilistenedkeenlyasscientistWangJingproposedwhatshecalledgreen"radar"infarmfieldstodetectagriculturalproductqualityandsafetyissuesinrealtime.Withinayear,herproposalwasputintopracticenationwide,andrelatedregulationswereintroduced.ThetechnologywasincludedasanewclauseintherevisedAgriculturalProductsQualityandSafetyLaw.Xi'sdedicationtoempoweringthepublicandprioritizingthepeople'sneedstracesbacktotheearlydaysofhispoliticalcareer.InOctober1984,asPartychiefofZhengdingCountyinnorthChina'sHebeiProvince,heinitiatedaquestionnairesurvey.Hestoodonthestreets,distributingquestionnairestoresidentsandinvitingthemtositdownandhaveachat.Thispracticebecameroutineandovertime,evolvedintotheonlinesolicitationofopinions.Nearlyfourdecadeslater,astheParty'stopleader,Xielevatedthisdemocraticpracticetoawholenewlevel.BeforethePartyconvenedits20thNationalCongress,Xiorderedamassiveonlinepublicopinionsolicitationtolistentothepeople'sviewsfordraftingakeynotereporthewoulddeliveratthePartycongress.Inamonth,about8.54millionpublicsuggestionswerecollectedtoshapepolicies,spanningtopicslikecarbonneutralityandeducationquality.Thesecontributionswererefinedinto1,675itemsandsharedwiththedraftinggroupforthereport.AsXihasstated:Whetheracountryisdemocraticornotdependsonwhetheritspeoplearetrulythemastersofthecountry.XiJinping,thensecretaryoftheZhengdingCountyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),listenstoopinionsofvillagersinZhengdingCounty,northChina'sHebeiProvince,in1983.(Xinhua)THEWHOLEPROCESSIn2021,XiconvenedtheParty'sfirst-everCentralPeople'sCongressWorkConference.Atthehigh-profilemeeting,heexpoundedonthewhole-processpeople'sdemocracyandmadeathinlyveiledcriticismofthebogusdemocracypracticedincertaincountries."Ifthepeopleareonlyengagedwithtosolicitvotesandthenareleftinthedark,iftheymustlistentograndioseseelectionslogansbuthavenovoicewhentheelectionsareover,oriftheyareonlytreatedwellbycandidatesduringelectionsandareignoredafter,thisisnottruedemocracy,"Xisaid.In2019,whenhefirstputforward"whole-processdemocracy,"Xisaidpeople'sdemocracyisatypeofwhole-processdemocracy.Observerssaywhole-processdemocracyinvolvesmorethanjustamatterofvoting,rather,itisforgedintoeverysinglelinkintherunningofstatepower.Thisbreaksfromasolitaryfocusonvotingandensuresthepeople'srightstodemocraticelections,consultations,decision-making,management,andoversight.Xipayscloseattentiontoeachoftheabove-mentioneddemocraticprocessesandhasnotimeforpracticesthathamperdemocracy.In2014,hediscussedatlengthavote-buyingcaseintheelectionoflocallawmakersinHunanProvince.Visiblyangered,Xifiredabarrageofquestions:WheredidthePartymembersgo?WheredidtheirsenseofPartydisciplineandlawgo?Wheredidtheirconsciencego?Afterward,Xireferredtothiscaseonatleasttwootheroccasions.Eventually,467peoplewereheldaccountable."InthissocialistcountryledbytheCPC,allpowerofthestatebelongstothepeople,"XitoldinvestigatorsofChina'stopgraft-buster."Politicalpowershouldneverbedistributedaccordingtoone'ssocialstatus,wealth,orpersonalrelationships."Xi'spushforconsultativedemocracy,whichinvolvespoliticalconsultationbetweenthegoverningCPCandotherpoliticalparties,datesbacktohistenureasalocalPartycadre.In1988,asPartychiefofFujian'sNingdeprefecture,XifacilitatedtheestablishmentofthefirstprefecturalcommitteeoftheChinaDemocraticLeague,anon-CPCpoliticalparty.XiinitiatedregularvisitsbyCPCleaderstomembersofotherpoliticalpartiesandintellectuals,emphasizingtheimportanceoftheunitedfront.Asatopleader,Xistillallocatestimetodemocraticdecision-makingandmanagementatthegrassroots.InFebruary2019,hepaidavisittoaninconspicuouscourtyardinacentralBeijinghutongthatneighborscalla"courtyardmeetinghall"whenresidentswerediscussingrenovatingtheirhomes.Onthewhiteboardwerelistedsuggestionsraisedbyresidents:cleaningupclutterinthecourtyard;ensuringfullyfunctionalkitchens,storage,andbathrooms;andbringinginprofessionaldesignteams."Whenwilltherenovationstart?""Aretheremanyhouseswithhistoricalandculturalvalue?"...Xijoinedthediscussion.Hailingthecourtyardmeetingsasamechanismthatempoweredcommunitymemberstodiscussanddecidetheirownaffairs,Xisaid,itwasconducivetoimprovingprecisionincommunitygovernanceandservices.Xi'spursuitofaneffectiveoversightmechanismfounditsembodimentinthedevelopmentofChina'sfirstvillageaffairssupervisioncommitteeinHouchenVillage,ZhejiangProvince.Thesupervisioncommitteewassetupin2004amidescalatingtensionsbetweenvillagersandvillageofficialsregardingthemanagementofasubstantiallandacquisitioncompensationtotalingabout20millionyuan.ThecommitteecapturedtheattentionofXi,whowasthenZhejiang'sPartychief.HevisitedHouchenonthecommittee'sfirstanniversary,andemphasizedtheinevitabilityofitscreationinacommunitygrapplingwithnumerouschallenges.Hehaileditasthe"Houchenmodel,"laudingitsroleinpioneeringgrassrootsdemocraticsupervisioninruralareas.Overtwodecades,thisinitiativehasevolvedfromalocalizedmeasuretoanationallyrecognizedpolicyandhastakenrootinover690,000administrativevillagesnationwide.Xisaidthattomeasurewhetheracountryisdemocratic,akeyelementistoseewhethertherulesandproceduresfortheexerciseofpoweraredemocratic,andmoreimportantly,whethertheexerciseofpowerisgenuinelysubjecttopublicoversightandchecks.DEMOCRACYISNOTCOCA-COLAInXi'sview,thereisnouniformorsinglemodelofdemocracy;itcomesinmanyforms.Thewhole-processpeople'sdemocracypracticedinChinaisbasedonthecountry'sreality,history,andculture,anditreflectsthepeople'swill,hesaid,whilerepeatedlystressingtheeffectivenessofthisdemocracy.OfficialsandscholarshavegonefurthertoexplainthatdemocracyisnotCoca-Cola,tastingthesameacrosstheworldasthesyrupisproducedinonesinglecountry.Chinaexpertsviewwhole-processpeople'sdemocracyaspivotaltothecountry'sremarkableachievementsofrapideconomicgrowthandsustainedsocialstability.Thisroleisevidentinthecountry'sformulationofeffectivelawstoenhancegovernance.In2019,duringavisittoalegislativeoutreachofficeinShanghai,XitalkedwithbothChineseandforeignresidentsparticipatinginaconsultationonadraftlaw.Draftlawsaredisseminatedtolocallegislativeoutreachofficestofacilitatediscussionsamongordinarycitizens,enablingtheirvoicestobeheardbythenationallegislature.Xiinquiredabouttheprocessofsolicitingopinionsonthedraftlaw,andattentivelyreviewedthematerialscontainingsuggestions.Acknowledgingtheoffice'sbeneficialexplorations,heencouragedthemaintenanceofopenchannelsforpublicopinionandtheenrichmentofdemocraticmechanisms.Thepreparationandimplementationoffive-yearplansfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentareanimportantmeansbywhichthePartygovernsChina.Toincorporatepeople'swisdomintotheblueprint,democracywasinfullswing.In2020,duringaninspectioninHunanProvincebeforetheformulationofthecountry's14thfive-yearplan,Xisatdownwith30grassrootsrepresentativesatameetingintheprovincialcapitaltoheartheirviewsandsuggestions.Duringthetwo-hourdiscussion,PanJiuren,aruralteacheroftheYaoethnicgroup,candidlyaddressedthedeficienciesinbasiceducationinremoteregions,highlightingissuessuchasteachershortagesandchallengingworkingconditions.Inresponse,XiacknowledgedChina'sprogressinuniversalizingcompulsoryeducationsincethereformandopeningup.However,heunderscoredtheescalatingissueofunevendistributionofeducationalresourcesandtheimperativetoaddressthisproblem.Beforethefive-yearplanwasreadyfordiscussionatakeyplenarymeetingoftheParty'sCentralCommittee,Xihostedsevensuchsymposiums,meetingcitizensfromdiversebackgrounds,includingmigrantworkers,farmers,truckdrivers,legalprofessionals,andrestaurantowners.ThisphototakenonNov.27,2019showstheGubeiCivicCenterinChangningDistrictofShanghai,eastChina.(Xinhua/LiuYing)"China'sdemocracyisnoverbalmirage,"saidRobertLawrenceKuhn,anAmericanscholarandchairmanoftheKuhnFoundation.DemocracyintheParty-ledsysteminvolvesvariousfeedbackandinteractivemechanisms,especiallypeople'scongressesatvariouslevels,anditalsoentailsensuringadequatestandardsoflivingforallChinesecitizens,hesaid.Duringthe2019"twosessions,"alawmakerfromGansuProvincevoicedlocalresidents'desireforanexpresswaytoacceleratelocalprosperity.Turningtoanofficialseatedbesidehim,Xiinquiredaboutthenumberofcountiesintheprovincelackingexpressways.Theinteractionsexpeditedtheconstructionoftransportationinfrastructureforthoseinneed.InNovember2023,thelong-awaitedexpresswaywasputintooperation.Onemonthlater,aftera6.2-magnitudeearthquakestrucktheprovince,theexpresswaybecameavitallifelinefordeliveringaidandtransportingtheinjuredtohospitals.ThisisanexampleofhowXi'sdiscussionswithnationallegislatorsandpoliticaladvisorsduringthe"twosessions"concentrateonaddressingchallengesandproposingnewmethodsforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Throughtheseinteractions,innovativegovernancestrategieshavebeenconsidered,suggested,refined,andmatured.ObservantofXi'spost-deliberationactions,keenobserversnotehisconsistentselectionofprovincialareasforfocusedon-siteresearch,addressingspecificissuesraisedduringdeliberationsessions.In2014,heexploredtheShanghaifreetradezone;in2018,hetraveledtotheremoteDaliangMountaininSichuantoinspectpovertyalleviationefforts;in2021,heexaminedecologicalprotectionmeasuresontheQinghai-XizangPlateauinQinghai.Manyofhisresearchprioritiesalignwithconcernsvoicedbynationallegislatorsandpoliticaladvisors.InnavigatingthecomplexitiesofgoverningavastnationlikeChina,XiofteninvokesaquotefromaChinesepoliticalcommentatordatingbacktwomillennia:"Abirdcannotsoarintotheskyusingonlyonefeather,andahorsecannotgallopusingonlyonehoof."ThisancientwisdomunderscoresXi'sbeliefthatthecollectivestrengthofChina'sover1.4billioncitizensmustbeharnessedtobuildastrongnationandadvancenationalrejuvenation.ThereasonwhyChinahasbeensosuccessfulhasbeenitsabilitytoenthuse,involveandmobilizethepeopleinthepoliticalprocessandtherebycontributetothecountry'sfuture,saidBritishscholarMartinJacques."ToomanyWesternpoliticiansseemtothinkthepointofdemocracyisdemocracy.Itisnot,"hesaid."Ultimately,democracyisaboutrepresentingthepeople,involvingthepeople,andcreatingthebestformofgovernance,themostacceptableandthemostsuccessfulformofgovernance."Editor:DisclaimerTheviewsandopinionsexpressedinthisarticlearethoseoftheauthor's,GMW.cnmakesnorepresentationsastoaccuracy,suitability,orvalidityofanyinformationonthissiteandwillnotbeliableforanyerrors,omissions,ordelaysinthisinformation.

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